Histopathological overview of cystoscopic bladder biopsies- A retrospective analysis
Keywords:
Cystoscopy, Urothelial tumour, chronic nonspecific cystitis, Invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma, neoplastic
Abstract
Background: Wide spectrums of nonneoplastic and neoplastic lesions are observed in urinary bladder. Correlation between clinical findings and histopathological features is essential in arriving at a correct diagnosis. This study is undertaken to analyse the pattern of lesions in cystoscopic bladder biopsies.
Methods: This retrospective study consists of 70 cases of cystoscopic bladder biopsies carried out in the department of pathology. Clinical details of the patients were retrieved from the file. Specimens were processed routinely and stained with hematoxylin and eosin.
Results: Three specimens out of 70 biopsies were inadequate for reporting. Of the remaining 67 cases, 38 were (56.7%) neoplastic and 29 (43.3%) were nonneoplastic lesions. The majority of the cases were seen in the age group of 41-50 yrs (29.9%) with a male predominance (73.1%). Urothelial tumours (94.7%) were the predominant lesions observed under neoplastic category, of which invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma (80.6%) was the most common subtype. Among nonneoplastic lesions, chronic nonspecific cystitis (51.7%) was the commonest lesion noted.
Conclusion: There are wide ranges of lesions exist in the bladder. Urothelial tumours were the predominant lesions seen in cystoscopic biopsies followed by cystitis. Accurate diagnosis and early intervention is the key for better treatment outcome.
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References
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31. Volmar KE, Chan TY, De Marzo AM, Epstein JI. Florid von Brunn nests mimicking urothelial carcinoma: a morphologic and immunohistochemical comparison to the nested variant of urothelial carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 2003 Sep;27(9):1243-52.
2. Srikousthubha, Sukesh, Raghuveer CV, Hingle S. Profile of Lesions in Cystoscopic Bladder Biopsies -A Histopathological Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2013 Aug; 7(8): 1609-12.
3. Stepan A, Simionescu C, Margaritescu C, Ciurea R. Histopathological study of the urothelial bladder carcinomas. Current Health Sci J 2013 Jul -Sep; 39(3): 147-150.
4. Kirkali Z, Chan T, Manoharan M, Algaba F, Busch C, Cheng L, Kiemeney L, Kriegmair M, Montironi R, Murphy WM, Sesterhenn IA, Tachibana M, Weider J. Bladder cancer: epidemiology, staging and grading, and diagnosis. Urology. 2005 Dec;66(6 Suppl 1):4-34. [PubMed]
5. Gupta P, Jain M, Kapoor R, Muruganandham K, Srivastava A, Mandhani A. Impact of age and gender on the clinicopathological characteristics of bladder cancer. Indian J Urol. 2009 Apr;25(2):207-10. doi: 10.4103/0970-1591.52916.
6. T. B. Yuvaraja, Santosh Waigankar, Ganesh Bakshi, and Gagan Prakash. Genitourinary cancers: Summary of Indian data. South Asian J Cancer. 2016 Jul-Sep; 5(3): 122–124.
7. M. Nomikos, A. Pappas, M.E. Kopaka, S. Tzoulakis, I. Volonakis, G. Stavrakakis, et al. Urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder in young adults: presentation, clinical behavior and outcome. Adv Urol, 2011 (2011): 480738.
8. Stanton ML, Xiao L, Czerniak BA, Guo CC. Urothelial tumors of the urinary bladder in young patients: a clinicopathologic study of 59 cases. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2013 Oct;137(10):1337-41. doi: 10.5858/arpa.2012-0322-OA. [PubMed]
9. Burger M, Catto JW, Dalbagni G, Grossman HB, Herr H, Karakiewicz P, Kassouf W, Kiemeney LA, La Vecchia C, Shariat S, Lotan Y. Epidemiology and risk factors of urothelial bladder cancer. Eur Urol. 2013 Feb;63(2):234-41. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.07.033. Epub 2012 Jul 25. [PubMed]
10. Mostafa MH, Sheweita SA, O'Connor PJ. Relationship between schistosomiasis and bladder cancer. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1999 Jan;12(1):97-111. [PubMed]
11. C. Aparna, M.D., Rayapa Reddy Thumma, C Padmavathi Devi, S V R L Jyothi Vanapalli, T D N Mounika. Histological spectrum of urothelial lesions – experience of a single tertiary care institute. International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research 2016 Jun; 3(6):1731-1733.
12. Goyal VK, Vyas SP, Kothari DC. Spectrum of Lesions in Urinary Bladder Biopsies: Histopathological Study. Int J Dent Med Res 2015 Mar-Apr; 1 (6):42-46.
13. Mahesh KU, Yelikar BR. Spectrum of lesions in cystoscopic bladder biopsies- A histopathological study. Al Ameen J Med Sci. 2012; 5(2):132-6.
14. Vaidya S, Lakhey M, K C S, Hirachand S. Urothelial tumours of the urinary bladder: a histopathological study of cystoscopic biopsies. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2013 Jul-Sep;52(191):475-8.
15. Laishram RS, Kipgen P, Laishram S, Khuraijam S, Sharma DC. Urothelial tumors of the urinary bladder in Manipur: a histopathological perspective. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2012;13(6):2477-9.
16. Antunes AA, Nesrallah LJ, Dall'Oglio MF, Maluf CE, Camara C, Leite KR, Srougi M. The role of squamous differentiation in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder treated with radical cystectomy. Int Braz J Urol. 2007 May-Jun;33(3):339-45; discussion 346. [PubMed]
17. Lopez-Beltran A, Requena MJ, Alvarez-Kindelan J, et al. Squamous differentiation in primary urothelial carcinoma of the urinary tract as seen by MAC387 immunohistochemistry. J Clin Pathol 2007 Mar; 60(3): 332–335.
18. Eble J.N., Sauter G., Epstein J.I., Sesterhenn I.A. (Eds.): World Health Organization Classification of Tumours. Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs. IARC Press: Lyon 2004. [PubMed]
19. Dadhania V, Czerniak B1, Guo CC. Adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder. Am J Clin Exp Urol. 2015 Aug 8;3(2):51-63. eCollection 2015.
20. Kapur P, Lotan Y, King E, Kabbani W, Mitra AP, Mosbah A, Abol-Enein H, Ghoneim M, Youssef RF. Primary adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder: value of cell cycle biomarkers. Am J Clin Pathol. 2011 Jun;135(6):822-30. doi: 10.1309/AJCP76KUVOTBKQRY.
21. Roy S, Parwani AV. Adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2011 Dec;135(12):1601-5. doi: 10.5858/arpa.2009-0713-RS. [PubMed]
22. Shruthi.H.P, Rangaswamy.R. Spectrum of Lesions in Urinary Bladder Biopsies - A Histopathological Study. IJHSR. 2015; 5(5): 144-152.
23. Ali MY, Fattah SA, Islam MM, Haque MM, Biswas AK, Hossain MA. Urinary Bladder Tuberculosis – A Case Report. Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2010; 5(2):66-68.
24. Figueiredo A., Lucon A. Urogenital tuberculosis: update and review of 8961 cases from the world literature. Nat Rev Urol 2008 Summer; 10(3): 207–217.
25. Zarrabi AD, Heyns CF. Tuberculosis of the urinary tract and male genitalia-a diagnostic challenge for the family practitioner. SA Fam Pract 2009 Sep-Oct; 51(5): 388-92.
26. Kumar S, Sharma V, Ganesamoni R, Singh S. Eosinophilic cystitis mimicking tuberculosis: An analysis of five cases with review of literature. Urology Annals. 2013; 5(1):50-52.
27. Popescu OE, Landas SK, Haas GP. The spectrum of eosinophilic cystitis in males: case series and literature review. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2009 Feb;133(2):289-94. doi: 10.1043/1543-2165-133.2.289. [PubMed]
28. Chia D. Eosinophilic cystitis and haematuria: Case report of a rare disease and common presentation. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2016;24:43-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2016.04.055. Epub 2016 May 6. [PubMed]
29. Hellstrom HR, Davis BK, Shonnard JW. Eosinophilic cystitis. A study of 16 cases. Am J Clin Pathol. 1979 Nov;72(5):777-84. [PubMed]
30. Young RH. Tumor-like lesions of the urinary bladder. Mod Pathol. 2009 Jun;22 Suppl 2:S37-52. doi: 10.1038/modpathol.2008.201.
31. Volmar KE, Chan TY, De Marzo AM, Epstein JI. Florid von Brunn nests mimicking urothelial carcinoma: a morphologic and immunohistochemical comparison to the nested variant of urothelial carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 2003 Sep;27(9):1243-52.
CITATION
DOI: 10.17511/jopm.2017.i02.27
How to Cite
Dr. Suba G, Dr. Gayathri J, & Dr. Jayaprakash HT. (1). Histopathological overview of cystoscopic bladder biopsies- A retrospective analysis. Tropical Journal of Pathology and Microbiology, 3(2), 229-234. https://doi.org/10.17511/jopm.2017.i02.27
Section
Original Article
OAI - Open Archives Initiative
