Aberrant expression of CK8 in leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma: an immunohistochemistry study
Keywords:
CK8, Leukoplakia, Oral squamous cell carcinoma
Abstract
Introduction: In India, oral cavity cancer contributes to significant morbidity and mortality. Since only few of premalignant lesions turn into cancer and routine histopathology has limited prognostic value, therefore we need to devise methods to ascertain premalignant lesions with high potential for conversion to malignancy, appropriate management and early diagnosis of cancers. Cytokeratin K8 (CK8) may be used as surrogate markers in oral premalignant lesion and cancers, so we conducted the present study with an aim to evaluate & compare expression of CK8 in normal oral mucosa, leukoplakia as well as Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
Material and Methods: The present study included 107 pathological specimens of histologically proven cases of OSCC (n=19), leukoplakia (n=77) and benign lesions (n=10). All the cases were subjected to immunohistochemistry to check the expression of CK8 antibodies. Correlation was evaluated statistically by Chi-square test.
Result: Increased expression of CK8 was seen in OSCC and leukoplakia with dysplasia. No immunoreactivity was seen in benign oral mucosa. Expression of CK8 was significantly correlated with dysplasia and cancer.
Conclusion: CK8 can be used as marker of sequential premalignant changes in oral cancers.
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References
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2. Dantas DDL, Ramos CCF, Costa ALL, Souza LB, Pereira Pinto L. Clinical-pathological parameters in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Braz Dent J 2003;14(1):22-25.
3. Pindborg JJ, Smith CJ, Van der Waal. Histological typing of cancer and precancer of the oral mucosa. Berlin: Springer-verlag. 2nd ed, 1997 pp. 224–7.
4. Warnakulasuriya S, Johnson NW, van der Waal I. Nomenclature and classification of potentially malignant disorders of the oral mucosa. J Oral Pathol Med. 2007 Nov;36(10):575-80. [PubMed]
5. Gupta PC, Bhonsle RB, Murti PR, Daftary DK, Mehta FS, Pindborg JJ. An epidemiologic assessment of cancer risk in oral precancerous lesions in India with special reference to nodular leukoplakia. Cancer. 1989 Jun 1;63(11):2247-52.
6. van der Waal I. Potentially malignant disorders of the oral and oropharyngeal mucosa; terminology, classification and present concepts of management. Oral Oncol 2009 Apr-May;45(4-5):317–23. DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2008.05.016.
7. Kujan O, Khattab A, Oliver RJ, Roberts SA, Thakker N, Sloan P. Why oral histopathology suffers inter-observer variability on grading oral epithelial dysplasia: an attempt to understand the sources of variation. Oral Oncol. 2007 Mar;43(3):224-31. Epub 2006 Aug 22. [PubMed]
8. Marsh D, Suchak K, Moutasim KA, Vallath S, Hopper C, Jerjes W, Upile T, Kalavrezos N, Violette SM, Weinreb PH, Chester KA, Chana JS, Marshall JF, Hart IR, Hackshaw AK, Piper K, Thomas GJ. Stromal features are predictive of disease mortality in oral cancer patients. J Pathol. 2011 Mar;223(4):470-81. doi: 10.1002/path.2830. Epub 2011 Jan 5. [PubMed]
9. Hesse M, Magin TM, Weber K. Genes for intermediate filament proteins and the draft sequence of the human genome: novel keratin genes and a surprisingly high number of pseudogenes related to keratin genes 8 and 18. J Cell Sci. 2001 Jul;114(Pt 14):2569-75. [PubMed]
10. Fillies T, Jogschies M, Kleinheinz J, Brandt B, Joos U, Buerger H. Cytokeratin alteration in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep. 2007 Sep;18(3):639-43. [PubMed]
11. Elango JK, Gangadharan P, Sumithra S, Kuriakose MA. Trends of head and neck cancers in urban and rural India. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2006 Jan-Mar;7(1):108-12. [PubMed]
12. Gillison ML, Koch WM, Capone RB, Spafford M, Westra WH, Wu L, Zahurak ML, Daniel RW, Viglione M, Symer DE, Shah KV, Sidransky D. Evidence for a causal association between human papillomavirus and a subset of head and neck cancers. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2000 May 3;92(9):709-20. [PubMed]
13. Downer MC. Patterns of disease and treatment and their implications for dental health services research. Community Dent Health. 1993 Sep;10 Suppl 2:39-46.
14. Axéll T, Pindborg JJ, Smith CJ, van der Waal I. Oral white lesions with special reference to precancerous and tobacco- related lesions: conclusions of an international symposium held in Uppsala, Sweden, May 18-21 1994. International Collaborative Group on Oral White Lesions. J Oral Pathol Med. 1996 Feb;25(2):49-54. [PubMed]
15. Lotan R. Retinoids and squamous cell differentiation. In: W.K.Hong and R.Lotan (eds.), Retinoids in Oncology, pp43-72. New York: Marcel Dekker,1993.
16. Raul U, Sawant S, Dange P, Kalraiya R, Ingle A, Vaidya M. Implications of cytokeratin 8/18 filament formation in stratified epithelial cells: induction of transformed phenotype. Int J Cancer.2004 Sep;111(5):662–8. DOI: 10.1002/ijc.20349.
17. Christoph Matthias, Brigitte Mack, Alexander Berghaus, Olivier Gires. Keratin 8 expression in head and neck epithelia. BMC Cancer.2008 Sep.8:267. DOI: 10:1186/1471-2407-8-267.
18. Ogden GR, Chisholm DM, Adi M, Lane EB. Cytokeratin expression in oral cancer and its relationship to tumor differentiation. J Oral Pathol Med. 1993 Feb;22(2):82-6. [PubMed]
19. Sharada Sawant ,Devendra Chaukar, Anil D’Cruz, Milind Vaidya. Cytokeratins as Prognostic Markers for Human Oral Cancer: Immerging Trends. International Journal of Medical and Biological Frontiers Volume 17, Issue 11 Articles.
20. Vigneswaran N., Peters KP, Hornstein OP and Haneke E. Comparison of cytokeratin, filaggrin and involucrin profiles in oral leukoplakias and squamous carcinomas. Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine.1989 Aug;18(7): 377–90.
21. Sawant Sharada, Vaidya Milind, Chaukar Devendra, Gangadaran Prakash, Singh Archana, Rajadhyax Siddheshwar et al. Clinicopathological features and prognostic implications of loss of K5 and gain of K1, K8 and K18 in oral potentially malignant lesions and squamous cell carcinomas: An immunohistochemical analysis. Edorium J Tumor Bio 2014;1:1–22.
22. Kanwar Deep Singh Nanda, Kanan Ranganathan, Uma Devi, and Elizabeth Joshua. Increased expression of CK8 and CK18 in leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis, and oral squamous cell carcinoma: An immunohistochemistry study. Oral And Maxillofacial Pathology Journal.2012 Feb;113(2):245-53. DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2011.05.034.
23. Raul U, Sawant S, Dange P, Kalraiya R, Ingle A, Vaidya M. Implications of cytokeratin 8/18 filament formation in stratified epithelial cells: induction of transformed phenotype. Int J Cancer. 2004 Sep;111(5):662–8. DOI: 10.1002/ijc.20349.
24. Hamakawa H, Nakashiro K, Sumida T, Shintani S, Myers JN, Takes RP, et al. Basic evidence of molecular targeted therapy for oral cancer and salivary gland cancer. Head Neck. 2008 Jun;30(6):800-9. DOI: 10.1002/hed.20830. [PubMed]
CITATION
DOI: 10.17511/jopm.2017.i02.24
How to Cite
Dr. Pooja Jaiswal, Dr. Siddhartha Shanker Sinha, Dr. Yogesh Kumar Yadav, Dr. Nausheen Sanaullah Khan, Dr. Mayank Kumar Singh, & Dr. Ratna Saxena. (1). Aberrant expression of CK8 in leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma: an immunohistochemistry study. Tropical Journal of Pathology and Microbiology, 3(2), 213-218. https://doi.org/10.17511/jopm.2017.i02.24
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Original Article
OAI - Open Archives Initiative
