Study on causes of infertility among males attending infertility clinic at a rural teaching hospital in Andhra Pradesh
Keywords:
Male, Infertility, Pyospermia, Microscopic study
Abstract
Introduction: The incidence of infertility is increasing in developed and developing counties due to various causes, out of these many are preventable. The paper outlines study conducted to find the impact of various causes in male.
Methods: All patients who attended the infertility clinics of GEMS Medical College, Srikakulam, between March 2014 to February 2015 were included in the study.
Results: Infertility was high among men aged 20-25 and 30-40 years with 62.07% and 62.96%. Most common abnormality of infertility by microscopic study was found to be Pyospermia (38.46%), followed by Oligozoospermia (16.92%) and lowest abnormality is Hematospermia (3.08%).
Conclusion: Infertility is high in 20-25 and 30-40 age group. Pyospermia was the most common microscopic abnormality; Preventable causes (87%) are commonest cause for infertility. Abnormality is found to be more than 50% among the patients.
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References
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2. Calverton, Maryland, USA: ORC Macro and the World Health Organization; 2004. World Health Organization. Infecundity, Infertility, and Childlessness in Developing Countries. DHS Comparative Reports No 9.
3. Talwar PP, Go OP, Murali IN. New Delhi: National Institute of Health and Family Welfare and Indian Council of Medical Research; 1986. Prevalence of infertility in different population groups in India and its determinants. Statistics and Demography.
4. Unisa S. Childlessness in Andhra Pradesh, India: Treatment-seeking and consequences. Reprod Health Matters. 1999;7:54–64.
5. Zargar AH, Wani AI, Masoodi SR, Laway BA, Salahuddin M. Epidemiologic and etiologic aspects of primary infertility in the Kashmir region of India. Fertil Steril. 1997 Oct; 68(4):637-43. [PubMed]
6. E. Carlsen, A. Giwercman, N. Keiding, and N. E. Skakkebaek. Evidence for decreasing quality of semen during past 50 years. British Medical Journal, 1992; 305(6854): 609–613. [PubMed]
7. T. F. Sandeman. The effects of x irradiation on male human fertility. British Journal of Radiology,1966; 39 (468):901–907. [PubMed]
8. Brake and W. Krause. Decreasing quality of semen. British Medical Journal, 1992; 305(6867):1498. [PubMed]
9. W. Zorgniotti, A. I. Sealfon, and A. Toth. Further clinical experience with testis hypothermia for infertility due to poor semen. Urology, 1982; 19(6):636–40. [PubMed]
10. 4th ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1999. World Health Organization. WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination of Human Semen and Semen-Cervical Mucus Interaction; pp. 1–86.
11. Cocuzza M, Sikka SC, Athayde KS, Agarwal A. Clinical relevance of oxidative stress and sperm chromatin damage in male infertility: an evidence based analysis. Int Braz J Urol. 2007; 33: 603-21. [PubMed]
12. Olayemi FO. A review on some causes of male infertility. Afri J Biotechnol. 2010; 9: 2834-2842.
13. Olesen IA, Sonne SB, Hoei-Hansen CE, Rajpert-De Meyts E, Skakkebaek NE. Environment, testicular dysgenesis and carcinoma in situ testis. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007; 21: 462-78.
14. L. Carosi and F. Calabrò. Fertility in couples working in noisy factories. Folia Medica,1968; 51(4): 264–8. [PubMed]
15. D. Whorton, R. M. Krauss, S. Marshall, and T. Milby. Infertility in male pesticide workers. The Lancet, 1977;2 (8051):1259–1261. [PubMed]
16. Lancranjan I, M. Maicanescu, E. Rafaila, I. Klepsch, and H. I. Popescu. Gonadic function in workmen with long term exposure to microwaves. Health Physics, 1975;29( 3):381–3. [PubMed]
17. Sherrod R.A. Understanding the emotional aspects of infertility: implications for nursing practice. J. Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv. 2004; 42 (3): 40-7. [PubMed]
18. Speroff L. and Firtz M.A. Clinical Gynaecological and Infertility, 7th Edition, Lippincott William & Wilkins, London, 2005; 1135-1173.
19. Burney R.O., Schust D.J., Yao M.W.M. Infertility:In Berek & Novak’s Gynaecology, 14th edition, Edi Berek JS, Lippincott William & Wilkins London, 2007; 1185-1275.
20. Safarinejad, M. R. Infertility among couples in a population-based study in Iran: prevalence and associated risk factors. Int J Androl. 2008 Jun;31(3):303-14. Epub 2007 May 7. [PubMed]
21. Razzak A.H., Wais S.A. The infertile couple: A Cohort study in Duhok, Iraq. East Mediterr Health J,2002;8 (2-3): 234-8. [PubMed]
22. Haifa A. Al-Turki. Prevalence of primary and secondary infertility from tertiary center in eastern Saudi Arabia. Middle East Fertility Society Journal (2015); 20: 237–240.
23. Jensen T.K., Hjollund N.H.I., Henriksen T.B. et al. Does moderate alcohol consumption affect fertility ? Follow up study among couples planning first pregnancy. Br Med J,1988; 317: 505-10.
24. Durphy B.C, Barratt U.R., Von Tongelen B.P., Cooke I.D. Male cigarette smoking and fecundity in couples attending and infertility clinic. Andrologia, 1991; 23: 223-25. [PubMed]
25. Dhaliwal L.K., Gupta K.R., Majumdar S. The need for clinical evaluation and semen analysis of infertile men. Int J Fertil Womens Med. 2000 May-Jun;45(3):232-5. [PubMed]
26. Kalyani R, Basavaraj PB, Kumar ML. Factors influencing quality of semen: a two year prospective study. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2007 Oct;50(4):890-5. [PubMed]
CITATION
DOI: 10.17511/jopm.2016.i03.20
How to Cite
Dr. K. Pushpalatha, Dr R Sudhakar, & Dr G Raja Pramila. (1). Study on causes of infertility among males attending infertility clinic at a rural teaching hospital in Andhra Pradesh. Tropical Journal of Pathology and Microbiology, 2(3), 201-205. https://doi.org/10.17511/jopm.2016.i03.20
Section
Original Article
OAI - Open Archives Initiative
