Prevalence of malaria among blood donors in blood bank, Jhalawar Hospital & Medical College Society, Jhalawar, Rajasthan
Abstract
Introduction: Transfusion Transmitted Malaria (TTM) is the great concern in endemic countries. Transmission of malaria by blood transfusion was one of the first recorded incidents of transfusion transmitted infection. The drugs and cosmetic act in India mandates the testing of all blood donations for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg), hepatitis C virus(HCV), malaria and syphilis. The present study aims to determine the prevalence of malarial among voluntary and replacement blood donors in Blood Bank, Jhalawar Hospital & Medical college society, Jhalawar, Rajasthan.
Material and Methods: A retrospective review of donors record covering the period between Jan 2017 to Dec 2017 at Blood Bank, Jhalawar Hospital & Medical college society, Jhalawar, Rajasthan, India. The blood samples were then obtained by standard procedures of venepuncture. Malarial parasites were screened by microscopy (peripheral blood smear) and rapid Antigen card detection in blood bank. The study detected the presence of malaria parasites in donated blood units.
Results: 5 out of 16495 donor population were positive(Prevalence 0.03%) on Immunochromatographic rapid diagnostic test for malarial antigen detection (Rapid Antigen Card Test).
Conclusion: Blood donors in Blood Bank, Jhalawar Hospital & Medical college society, Jhalawar, Rajasthan, India have a 0.03% prevalence and voluntary donations are safer as compared to replacement donation. By strict donor selection, proper donor testing and post testing counselling,the rate of TTM can be further minimized.
Downloads
References
2. Choudhury N, Desai P. Blood bank regulations in India. Clin Lab Med. 2012 Jun;32(2):293-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cll.2012.04.002.[pubmed]
3. Kitchen AD, Chiodini PL. Malaria and blood transfusion. Vox Sang. 2006 Feb;90(2):77-84. DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.2006.00733.x[pubmed]
4. Oh JS, Kim JS, Lee CH, et al. Evaluation of a malaria antibody enzyme immunoassay for use in blood screening. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2008 Feb;103(1):75-8. Epub 2008 Jan 31.
5. Bahadur S, Pujani M, Jain M. Use of rapid detection tests to prevent transfusion-transmitted malaria in India. AJTS [serial online] 2010 [cited 2011 Apr 3];4:pp 140-141. doi: https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-6247.67033.
6. Kark JA (1982). Malaria Transmitted by Blood Transfusion In: Infections Complications of Blood Transfusion (Tabor, E. ed.) Academic Press, New York. Pp: 92-126.
7. Bruce-Chwatt LJ. Transfusion malaria. Bull World Health Organ. 1974;50(3-4):337-46.[pubmed]
8. Chattopadhyay R, Majam VF, Kumar S. Survival of Plasmodium falciparum in human blood during refrigeration. Transfusion. 2001;51:630–635. doi: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2010.02872.x.
9. FDA (2006). Workshop on Testing for Malarial Infections in Blood Donors. FAD/CBER-FDA Workshop. http//www.fda.gov/cber/blood/malaria July 12, 2006.
10. Hung CC, Chang SC, Chen YC, et al. Plasmodium vivax infection in a renal transplant recipient: report of a case. J Formos Med Assoc. 1994 Oct;93(10):888-9.
11. Fischer PR, Boone P. Short report: severe malaria associated with blood group. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1998 Jan;58(1):122-3.[pubmed]
12. Csert CM and DZIK WH(2007). The ABO bllod group system and plasmodium falciparum malaria. Blood 2007oct;110(7):2250-2258.doi: https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2007-03-077602.[pubmed]
13. Reesink HW. European strategies against the parasite transfusion risk. Transfus Clin Biol. 2005 Feb;12(1):1-4. DOI:10.1016/j.tracli.2004.12.001
14. Beadle C, Long GW, Weiss WR, et al. Diagnosis of malaria by detection of Plasmodium falciparum HRP-2 antigen with a rapid dipstick antigen-capture assay. Lancet. 1994 Mar 5;343(8897):564-8.[pubmed]
15. Humar A, Ohrt C, Harrington MA, et al. Parasight F test compared with the polymerase chain reaction and microscopy for the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in travelers. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1997 Jan;56(1):44-8.[pubmed]
16. Fernandes H, D'souza PF, D'souza PM. Prevalence of transfusion transmitted infections in voluntary and replacement donors. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus. 2010 Sep;26(3):89-91. doi: 10.1007/s12288-010-0044-0. Epub 2010 Oct 21.[pubmed]
17. Pallavi P, Ganesh CK, Jayashree K, et al. Seroprevalence and trends in transfusion transmitted infections among blood donors in a university hospital blood bank: a 5 year study. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus. 2011 Mar;27(1):1-6. doi: 10.1007/s12288-010-0047-x. Epub 2010 Dec 14.
18. Yadav BS, Varma AV, Singh P, Kumar R, Bandi PK. Seroprevalence of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) in blood donors: a study from central India. Int J Med Sci Public Health 2016;5:1158-1162doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ijmsph.2016.26102015182.
19. Negi G1, Gaur DS. Trends of transfusion transmissible diseases among blood donors at uttarakhand, India. Indian J Community Med. 2014 Jul;39(3):183-6. doi: 10.4103/0970-0218.137161.[pubmed]
20. Rajesh K,SGupta,A Kaur, A Jindal, H Sharma. Sero-prevalence and Changing Trends of Transfusion Transmitted Infections among Blood Donors in a Tertiary Care Hospital. Indian J Comm Health.2015;27(1):25-29
21. Fulzele Parag Prabhakar, Yasmeen Khatib – Infectious Disease Screening and Trendsin Blood Donors in a Hospital based Blood Bank in Mumbai, Western India - International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research Volume 4 | Issue 2 | February 2017
22. Akanksha Rawat, Preeti Diwakar – Seroprevalence & changing trends of transfusion-transmitted infections amongst blood donors in a Regional Blood Transfusion Centre in north India – Indian J Med Res 146, November 2017, pp 642- 645doi: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_468_15
23. Ali MSM, Kadaru AAGMY, Mustafa MS. Screening blood donors for Malaria parasite in Sudan. Ethiop J Health Dev 2004;18(2):pp70–4. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ejhd.v18i2.9940
24. Okocha EC, Ibeh CC, Ele PU, Ibeh NC. The prevalence of malaria parasitaemia in blood donors in a Nigerian teaching hospital. J Vector Borne Dis. 2005 Mar;42(1):21-4.[pubmed]
25. Owusu-Ofori AK, Betson M, Parry CM, et al. Transfusion-transmitted malaria in Ghana. Clin Infect Dis. 2013 Jun;56(12):1735-41. doi: 10.1093/cid/cit130. Epub 2013 Mar 5.[pubmed]
26. Kaur P, Basu S. Transfusion-transmitted infections: existing and emerging pathogens. J Postgrad Med. 2005 Apr-Jun;51(2):146-51.[pubmed]
27. Uneke CJ, Ogbu O, Nwojiji V. Potential risk of induced malaria by blood transfusion in South-eastern Nigeria. Mcgill J Med. 2006 Jan;9(1):8-13.[pubmed]
28. Garraud O. Mechanisms of transfusion-linked parasite infection. Transfus Clin Biol. 2006 Nov;13(5):290-7. Epub 2006 Dec 22. DOI:10.1016/j.tracli.2006.11.005.[pubmed]
OAI - Open Archives Initiative
