Diagnostic Role of FNAC in Evaluation of Head and Neck Lesions
Abstract
Introduction: The neck masses are relatively common problem. These neck masses are evaluated by history, clinical examination and investigation like FNAC, USG neck, CT Neck and excision biopsy. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a very simple, quick, inexpensive and minimally invasive technique used to diagnose different types of swellings in head and neck region.
Objective: To assess the frequency and incidence of different sites, age, sex and distribution of reactive, benign and malignant lesion.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at GMERS Medical College & Hospital, Gotri, Vadodara, Gujarat from April 2018 to November 2018. Patients between the ages of 1 to 90 years were enrolled into the study. A total of 305 patients with a head and neck swelling underwent FNAC. Fine needle aspiration diagnosis was correlated with detail of relevant clinical findings and investigations. USG Neck was done in all cases prior to FNAC examination.
Results: Out of 305 fine needle aspiration procedures 66.56% (203 cases) were of lymph node, 21.97 % (67 cases) were of thyroid, 5.90% from salivary gland (18 cases), 5.57% (17 cases) from skin and subcutaneous swellings. Out of total 305 lesions, 239 (78.36%) were inflammatory and benign, 66 (21.64%) were malignant and metastatic carcinoma.
Conclusions: Our study found that FNAC is simple, quick, inexpensive and minimally invasive technique to diagnose different types of head and neck swellings. It could differentiate the infective and benign process from neoplastic one and avoids unnecessary surgeries and expenses. Thus, FNAC can be recommended as a first line of investigation in the diagnosis of head and neck swellings.
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References
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