Coinfection of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus among chronic liver disease patients in a tertiary care centre
Keywords:
Chronic liver disease, HBV, HCV, Dual infection, ELISA
Abstract
Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the most common cause of chronic liver disease (CLD) worldwide. Coinfection with both HBV and HCV can occur because of shared routes of infection. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV dual infection among patients attending K R hospital, Mysore with underlying CLD manifestations.
Materials & Methods: Serum samples from 80 clinically diagnosed chronic liver disease patients attending K R hospital, Mysore was screened for the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen, Anti-HBc IgM, Anti-HBc Ig Gand anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies by ELISA. Serum samples from 15 healthy individuals were also screened.
Results: Among 80 chronic liver disease patients, 67 (83.75%) were males and 13 (16.25%) were females. The maximum number of CLD patients was in the age group of 41 – 50 years (41.30%). Alcoholism (72.5%) was the most common risk factor & cirrhosis of liver was the most common clinical presentation (81.25%). 38 (47.5%) cases were HBV positive (positive for any one marker for HBV). HBs Ag was positive in 22 cases, anti-HBc Ig Min 7 cases, anti-HBc Ig Gin 29 cases. 4 (5%) cases were positive for anti HCV. Three (3.75%) cases showed coinfection of HBV & HCV.
Conclusion: To prevent the spread of HBV and HCV, people must be educated about these infections and their mode of transmission. All CLD patients should be tested for HBV and HCV to prevent the mortality and morbidity. HBV & HCV coinfection should not be excluded by negative HBsAg status alone.
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References
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3. Chiaramonte M, Stroffolini T, Vian A, Stazi MA, Floreani A, Lorenzoni U, et al. Rate of incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with compensated viral cirrhosis.Cancer. 1999 May 15;85 (10):2132-7. [PubMed]
4. Weltman MD, Brotodihardjo A, Crewe EB, Farrell GC, Bilous M, Grierson JM, et al. Coinfection with hepatitis Band C or B, C and delta viruses results in severe chronic liver disease and responds poorly to interferon-alphatreatment. J Viral Hepatol. 1995;2 (1):39-45.
5. Lee WM. Hepatitis B virus infection. N Engl J Med. 1997; 337:1733-45.doi: 10.1056/NEJM 199712113372406.
6. Chaudhuri V, Tayal R, Nayak B, Acharya SK, Panda SK. Occult hepatitis B virus infection in chronic liver disease: full-length genome and analysis of mutant surface promoter.Gastroenterology. 2004;127:1356-71
7. Sy T, Jamal MM. Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Int J Med Sci2006;3(2):41-6. doi:10.7150/ijms.3.41.
8. Lok ASF, McMahon BJ. Chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 2007 ;45(2):507-39.doi:10.1002/hep.21513. [PubMed]
9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommendations for prevention and control of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and HCV-related chronic disease.MMWRRecomm Rep1998;47(RR-19):1-39. [PubMed]
10. Davis GL, Albright JE, Cook SF, Rosenberg DM. Projecting future complications of chronic hepatitis C in the UnitedStates. Liver Transpl. 2003 Apr;9(4):331-8.doi :10.1053/jlts.2003.50073.
11. Liu CJ, Liou JM, Chen DS, Chen PJ. Natural course and treatment of dual hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections.J Formos Med Assoc2005;104:783–791.doi :10.1007/s12072-009-9147-9.
12. Chen DS, Kuo G, Sung JL, et al. Hepatitis C virus infection in an area hyperendemic for hepatitis B and chronic liver disease: theTaiwan experience. J Infect Dis 1990;162:817–822.doi: 10.1093/infdis/162.4.817.
13. Sagnelli E, Coppola N, Messina V, et al. HBV superinfection in hepatitis C virus chronic carriers, viral interaction, and clinicalcourse. Hepatology 2002;36:1285–12891.doi:10.1053 /jhep.2002.36509. [PubMed]
14. Liaw YF, Chen YC, Sheen IS, Chien RN, Yeh CT, Chu CM. Impact of acute hepatitis C virus superinfection in patients withchronic hepatitis B virus infection. Gastroenterology 2004;126: 1024–1029.doi ;10.1053/j.gastro.2004.01.011.
15. Saravanan S, Vijayakumar et al.Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus dual infection amongpatients with chronic liver disease. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2009;42 (2) :122-128.
16. Devi KS, Singh NB, Mara J, et al. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus among hepaticdisorders and injecting drug users in Manipur - a preliminary report. Indian J Med Microbiol2004; 22(2):136-7. [PubMed]
17. Xess A, Kumar M, Minz S, et al. Prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus coinfection in chronic liver disease.Indian J PatholMicrobiol2001;44(3):253-5.
18. Chakravarti A, Verma V, Jain M, et al. Characteristics of dual infection of hepatitis B and C viruses among patientswith chronic liver disease: a study from tertiary care hospital. Trop Gastroenterol2005;26(4):183-7.
19. Liaw YF. Role of hepatitis C virus in dual and triple hepatitis virus infection. Hepatology. 1995;22 (4):1101 -1108.doi:10.1002/hep.1840220413.
20. Kundu A, Mehta S et al.Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis-C Virus among Chronic Liver Disease Patients in Northern Haryana Region of India.www.jkscience.orgVol. 17 No. 4, Oct - December 2015.
21. G. A. Reddy, K. V. Dakshinamurthy, P. Neelaprasad, T. Gangadhar, and V. Lakshmi. Prevalence of HBV and HCV dual infection in patients on haemodialysis. Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 41–43, 2005.
22. Kooffreh-Ada1 M,Okpara H ,Oku A, Okonkwo Uet al .Risk factors of chronic liver disease amongst patients receiving care in a Gastroenterology practice in Calabar. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences.Volume 14, Issue 12 Ver. V (Dec. 2015), 06-13.
23. A. Aroldi, P. Lampertico, G. Montagnino et al.Natural history of hepatitis B and C in renal allograft recipients. Transplantation, vol. 79, no. 9, pp. 1132–1136, 2005.
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27. S. Kakumu, K. Salo, and T. Morisrila.Prevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and GB virus C / hepatitis G virus infections in liver disease patients and inhabitants in HO Chi Minh, Vietnam. Journal of Medical Virology, vol. 54, pp. 243–249, 1998. doi: 10.1155/2013/563821.
28. N. Bukhtiari, T. Hussain, M. Iqbal, A. M. Malik, A. H. Qureshi, and A. Hussain. Pakistan-US laboratory for sero-epidemiology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, vol. 53, pp. 136–140, 2003.
29. I. A. Waked, S. M. Saleh, M. S. Moustafa, A. A. Raouf, D. L. Thomas, and G. T. Strickland. High prevalence of hepatitis C in Egyptian patients with chronic liver disease. Gut, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 105–107, 1995.
30. C. H. Chen, P. M. Yang, G. T. Huang, H. S. Lee, J. L. Sung, and J. C. Sheu. Estimation of seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus in Taiwan from a large-scale survey of free hepatitis screening participants. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, vol. 106, no. 2, pp. 148–155, 2007. doi :10.1016/S0929-6646(09)60231-x.
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CITATION
DOI: 10.17511/jopm.2018.i02.01
Published: 2018-06-30
How to Cite
Dr. Vilas B N., Dr. Lyra P. R., & Dr. Venkatesha D. (2018). Coinfection of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus among chronic liver disease patients in a tertiary care centre. Tropical Journal of Pathology and Microbiology, 4(2), 128-133. https://doi.org/10.17511/jopm.2018.i02.01
Section
Original Article
OAI - Open Archives Initiative
